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SIP Servers Registration Re-Registration SIP Proxy Servers  SIP Server - Proxy mode SIP Server -Re-Direct mode Proxy Server 'State' types Location Services SIP Registration server A SIP registration server is responsible for authenticating and reg...

SIP Clients SIP clients are software applications that run on devices such as computers, smartphones, or tablets and allow users to make and receive SIP-based voice, video, and messaging communications over the internet. They use SIP protocol to establish, ma...

SIP messages are the communication units used by SIP endpoints to establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions. SIP messages are exchanged between SIP user agents, proxy servers, and redirect servers, and are used to initiate and control communication ...

SIP request methods are used to initiate a request from a client to a server or from one server to another server in a distributed network. The SIP request methods are similar to HTTP methods and are used to perform different functions such as establishing, ...

SIP response codes are made up of 3 digits, first digit in the code indicates the class of the response and the other two digits are used to represent a reason or 'reason phrase'.   1XX This is an informational response. The request was received and i...

A sip message looks like an HTTP message here is an example of a SIP header.   INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.0.10:5060;branch=z9hG4bK776asdhds Max-Forwards: 70 To: <sip:[email protected]> From: "John" <sip:[email protected]>...

In SIP SDP, the session parameters can be changed during the lifetime of a session by sending a re-INVITE message. A re-INVITE is an INVITE message sent within an established session that is used to modify session attributes. When a re-INVITE message is sen...

SIP SDP SIP SDP stands for Session Description Protocol and is a protocol used to describe multimedia sessions for the purposes of session initiation, control, and management. In the context of SIP, SDP is typically used in the body of SIP messages to describ...

SIP Mobility SIP Call Forking - Parallel SIP Call Forking - Sequential Call Forward - No Answer Call Forward to Voicemail More Proxy Server Details SIP Mobility Sip support users mobility by proxying and redirecting request to a user's current...

Proxies and SIP routing Stateless proxy: forgets about the SIP request once it has been forwarded. As the transaction is quick and simple, these scale very well to cope with a lot of requests and can also be very fast. They are very well suited to the core ...

Mime was defined to provide a way of attaching different document/file types to email messages, SIP takes advante of this existing standard by using it to inform a UA what content is present in a SIP message. Content-Type: <type>/<subtype> Content-Type: imag...

Basic SIP to PSTN example SIP Messages used in SIP to PSTN call Other SIP to PSTN Codes SIP and Early Media Early Offer / Delayed Offer SIP Gateways TRIP SIP-T and PSTN Bridging ISUP to SIP Code Message Mapping More on SIP addressing DTMF and SIP ...

Back-2-Back Thee B2BUA its a standalone proxy when it receives a request process the request just as thee intended destination UA Server would, it repackage the request and act as a UA client then generates a new request and send this to the destination, ...

Authentication Authorization Encryption Attacks and Responses Ethical Hacking   Authentication and Authorization Proxy Authentication – when user needs to be authenticated proxy responses with a 407, sending a string nonce, user encrypt the password...

Firewalls NAT & Types of NAT Firewall / NAT solutions THE RTP Problem MG, ALG, SBC   Issues to Address Protection of your network is vital if connected to the internet, Private addressing on the internal network can cause problems when using SIP thr...

  Prerequisites Server with vSphere ESXi installed ESXi License with vSphere API enabled (the free one doesn’t work) Avaya SDM client on Windows Local DNS Services   Afer SDM installation go to Applications Go to applications and add new loca...

Go to home/esxi/applications add new application Select your platform (esxi on our case) and your data store Select browse, search your local PC for the system manager ova and click ok, wait until it reach 100% then click submit file Fill out d...

Source: https://medium.com/@davetempleton/setting-up-dns-over-tls-on-pfsense-bd96912c2416 DNS is a protocol woefully in need of confidentiality and integrity checks. The traditional service running over port 53 can be trivially eavesdropped upon to see what h...

To enable wan access go into ssh and run the following command pfctl - d  to enable protection pfctl -e

Change your working directory to /etc/modprobe.d: cd /etc/modprobe.d And now, create a new file named audio_disable_powersave.conf and open with the nano text editor using the given command: sudo nano audio_disable_powersave.conf And put the following line...